South African defence crisis: One of Africa’s strongest militaries faces internal fragmentation, credibility, deterrence and maritime neglect
Irregular warfare in the South African context refers to decentralised, asymmetric conflict carried out by non-state actors who use criminal violence, coercion and subversion to undermine state authority. These include armed illegal mining groups, organised criminal groups, smuggling syndicates and extremist insurgent militias. They do not engage in direct, conventional combat.
Digitisation of Africa’s maritime industry exposes it to increased cyber security threats
The number of cyber-attacks around the world continues to grow and this includes those targeted at the maritime sector. Commercial maritime companies, navies and governments must decide how prepared they are to protect their waters and ports from cyber threats, with African littoral states also forced to confront these new...
